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Hardware keys are created and managed exclusively in the protected
environment of the Trusted Platform Module (TPM 2.0), a separate, secure
processor isolated from the rest of the system. Keyring provides them as
an alternative to established software keys for challenge-response
authentication.
Software keys, while far more secure than naive passwords, have their
limitations. They're stored in a keyring file in an encrypted form and
can be extracted and copied. As a result, it's possible to perform
unlimited attempts to decrypt them offline. To mitigate such attacks, a
memory-hard key derivation function must be used to derive the
decryption key, and the passhprase itself must still be sufficiently
strong because a small search space will definitely be exhausted. A side
effect of this is a massive latency spike and potentially disruptive
peak memory usage.
Hardware keys, by design, are non-exportable. Total system compromise
won't lead to key exfiltration due to TPM having no such functionality,
and TPM's tamper resistance makes extraction of secrets infeasible even
with physical access to the machine (if the TPM is genuine).
PIN that is used to protect hardware keys is validated by the TPM
itself, which also locks itself out after too many failed attempts. This
lockout cannot be overridden without either issuing a lockout clear
command with authorization value or resetting the TPM outright, erasing
all keys stored in it. Because of this, low-entropy secrets (such as
six-digit PIN) can provide sufficient security.
Their only limitation is the flipside of their strength: because they're
non-exportable, you can't back them up and move them between devices.
Once created, a hardware key is bound to the machine, unlike software
keys which are usable everywhere as long as you have keyring.cbor.
Hardware keys require TPM 2.0 and an API to communicate with it.
Implementations are provided for:
- Windows via Cryptography API: Next Generation (CNG) with Microsoft
Platform Crypto Provider.
- Unix systems with TPM2 Software Stack (TSS2).
Windows scopes keys to a Windows user, so you likely won't be able to
move them across users or installations within the same machine. The
keys will remain on the system with "SoF_Auth_" prefix and a UUID so you
can locate them in your key registry. They'll additionally have the name
you set at key creation.
Unix might require additoinal user permissions to access the TPM. For
example, adding a user to the `tss` group on Linux.
The platform input differs. Windows can take a user-friendly key name to
display, which is a good feature considering weird requirement of
Windows that key names (actual identifiers) must be unique strings, for
which I use UUIDs. Unix has no concept of key names or identifiers, but
it has to provide PIN to the TPM directly.
Windows uses its own PIN prompt from Windows Security UI that's
disconnected from the application. This is somewhat awkward because it's
modeless. Also, a ridiciulous quirk of Windows CNG API makes it so key
handle creation returns the same `NTE_INVALID_HANDLE` error no matter
what kind of error it was. In particular, it's impossible to
differentiate between the operation failing due to the TPM lockout, or
the user voluntarily closing the dialog. The user will always see
"hardware locked out" error message. Brilliant API design.
The PIN is implemented as a direct authorization value for keys, so it
might be vulnerable to the bus sniffing attack if the PIN is traveling
in clear between CPU and TPM. Though, a hypothetical adversary who's
sitting with a logic analyzer hooked up to your motherboard as you type
the PIN will realistically have easier means to log your keystrokes.
TPM is capable of remote attestation to prove its authenticity, but I
chose to avoid it to protect users' privacy (there's anonymous
attestation, but it's not always practical because it requires special
CAs) and avoid significant implementation complexity on the server that
the attestation entails, such as parsing and validating certificate
chains.
Because of the unfortunate reality, TPMs overwhelmingly have no support
for X25519 (the key exchange algorithm used in software keys). It was
added in a recent revision, but it's yet to be implemented, and only on
the newest machines. You can't upgrade the TPM hardware, so we have to
compromise. Instead, elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman over P-256 curve has
been selected, which is also the default curve used in WebAuthn
(passkey) protocol. It's ubiquitous, supported by every single TPM 2.0,
and secure if reasonably implemented.
Keys don't take up limited nonvolatile memory of the TPM. Every
reference to TPM objects necessary to perform authentication is stored
on disk, and keys and contexts are recreated on every operation and
cleared from memory afterwards.
For the client public key format, I *only* use compressed P-256 points
(1-byte parity of y coordinate followed by a full 32-byte x coordinate)
for robustness. Their designated identification byte is 0x33, and they
start with the letter M when base64url-encoded.
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Change Argon2id parameters from 1 gigabyte of memory and 3 iterations
to 2 gigabytes and 2 iterations. Memory cost is the primary parameter
that provides substantial hardening, and 2 GiB in particular is
recommended by RFC 9106 (here with an additional iteration). This will
impact performance of key derivation on devices with constrained RAM,
but platform-backed keys should provide an alternative.
Enforce minimum of 6 characters for the passphrase. This is still not
enough considering an adversary can make unlimited offline guesses,
even with significant slowdown. However, this is consistent with
modern practices for authenticator policies (recommended, for example,
by NIST SP 800-63B-4): enforce minimal length and nothing else.
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- Downstream version and the upstream revision it's based on
(commit and date)
- URL to our modified source code.
- miniaudio and libsodium versions.
- Build profile (release, dev, or debug).
Also, stop checking for updates.
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We only support Qt 6, remove all conditional code that was dependent on
earlier versions.
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Let users explicitly enable logging if they so desire. Don't clutter the
disk space and perform I/O for each line when the rest are unaware.
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Demo server was being deleted and recreated every time the lobby was
constructed, so it was always active. This rendered the "are we playing
a demo" checks useless as they always assumed we did. Logs didn't work
because of it, for example.
Construct the demo server only when the user selects demo playback, and
destroy it during the destruction of courtroom.
Make log_filename based on the application path, so `logs` subdirectory
is created relative to the executable rather than the working directory.
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Remove the error dialog that pops up if an image format is missing.
Check AVIF, WebP, and APNG support, and report their status. As it
stands, WebP should be supported by Qt itself, and AVIF has yet to be
added. The rest (like PNG and JPEG) are on by default.
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The subprotocol shall use binary frames, and AO protocol stays separated
within the text frames.
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Introduce start_auth_flow, a function invoked by typing `/auth username`
in OOC. It sends an public-key authentication request to the server,
starting the entire flow.
The flow invoves two dialogs: to select the key, and to enter the
passphrase to unlock the key. For convenience, each successful unlock
also remembers the key for that username on the server, storing this
in `saved_auth.json` (I chose JSON because I wanted it to stay
human-editable; INI would be better, but it suffers from bad platform
quirks in Qt).
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Add "Keyring" tab to the options dialog. The tab displays the keys from
the table model (notes and certificates) and lets users create and
delete keys.
Key generation dialog includes passphare confirmation and a note.
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The keyring provides the system to store secret keys in an encrypted
format, create and delete keys, display public keys and notes for the
user, and use these keys to peform public-key authentication on servers.
Keyring is serialized into `keyring.cbor` in the application directory.
It's a CBOR map with keys being key IDs (fingerprints), and the values
are key entries, the schema of which looks like this:
key-entry {
0 => uint, ; Algorithm tag, 1 byte
1 => text, ; Comment/note for the key
2 => bytes, ; Public key (certificate), 32 bytes
3 => bytes ; Encrypted and authenticated secret key (AEAD payload)
}
Key fingerprint is `BLAKE2b-256(tag || public_key)`, where `||` denotes
concatenation of byte strings.
Encrypted payload is a fixed binary structure (field sizes in bytes):
Version(1)
Salt(16)
Opslimit(4)
Memlimit(4)
Alg(1)
Ciphertext(32)
MAC(16)
Upon key generation, a new secret key is created, sourced from a secure
RNG. The wrap key is derived from the passphrase using Argon2 with
the specified iterations, memory cost, variant (3 iterations, 1 GB of
memory, Argon2id), and 16 bytes of randomly generated unique salt. This
wrap key is used with ChaCha20-Poly1305 to encrypt the secret key, with
all the prior fields as additional authenticatied data and all-zero
nonce (the uniqueness is already provided by the salt).
The key pairs are X25519, used specifically for key exchange. When the
server sends the ephemeral public key as a challenge, the client uses
`unlock_and_auth` function with the key corresponding to the right
certificate. After entering the correct passphrase, the secret key is
decrypted and used to derive a shared secret with the server's ephemeral
key. The client then responds with:
BLAKE2b-256("Einsof-Auth-DHCR" || shared_secret || challenge
|| certificate || username)
Where the first string is provided for domain separation, shared secret
proves possession of the secret key, and other parameters are hashed in
to bind this authentication attempt to the current session (via random
challenge), identity (via public key and username), and transcript.
Note on canonicalization: all fields but last are fixed-length,
concatenation here is unambiguous.
The server, in turn, performs the same opeations, except the shared
secret is derived from the server's ephemeral secret and the client's
public key. Naturally, username and public key must be correct. If the
response matches, the server authenticates the client. The client never
transmits its secret.
This scheme is essentially deriving a session secret and computing MAC
over the transcript with that secret to prove authenticity. It serves as
a simple identification protocol. Unlike digital signatures, it's
interactive, valid only in the context of a single authentication
attempt, and only between two participants involved. Signatures, in
contrast, are valid everywhere, for everyone, and they require
additional nonces and context. In fact, they're interactive
identification protocols turned non-interactive, so forcing them back
into this setting is unnecessary complexity.
The primitives are fixed: X25519 for key exchange, Argon2 for
password-based key derivation, ChaCha20-Poly1305 for encryption, BLAKE2b
for hashing. Provided by libsodium.
Simplicity is key. There's no flexibility, negotiation, or
compatibility, and it'll hopefully stay this way. Unless you're worried
about quantum computers appearing tomorrow and attacking a niche AO
implementation, in which case I'll add the ML-KEM variant just for you.
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Introduce the subprotocol ("Einsof"), its prototype serialization and
parsing functions, and its first set of messages.
These messages are carriers of public-key authentication mechanism which
involves client request, server challenge, and client response. An
"ident" message is used to tell a compatible server that you support a
particular version of the subprotocol.
Note: the functions that handle encoding are very specialized.
They're not representative of how the wire format should be generally
handled, and were written this way because the first set of messages is
tiny and simple enough.
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Avoids "list index out of range" crashes when you press "Edit server"
afterwards.
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Not a good universal change. But if you're using this client, you're
likely connecting to favorited servers either way, and you can always
add them from the MS.
That said, I don't want to keep it like that. One solution is to save
last opened tab with QSettings, and then restore it.
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We haven't been able to connect to legacy servers for a very long time
now, and the entries only serve to clutter the list. It's time to filter
them out in favor of cleaning up the list and showing WSS-enabled
servers due appreciation.
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Add full WSS support to public server list (using wss_port, overriding
insecure port), favorite servers list, and direct connections, and show
which servers are secure.
Revert the upstream's removal of `legacy` ServerInfo field, as I use it
to filter out legacy servers. To differentiate schemes, the `scheme`
field is used, either "ws" or "wss". I don't see the reason to add "tcp"
protocol when we don't even support it.
For the UI, add icons for secure and insecure connections. Highlight
secure servers with a green background.
In the favorite server dialog, a checkbox was added to select whether
the server is using WSS.
In the direct connection dialog, support "wss" scheme and default ports:
80 for WS, 443 for WSS, as per the WebSocket specification.
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WebP was being incorrectly labeled as not static. While it does support
animation, it's a static image format by itself. As a result, WebP icons
didn't work, for example.
Only label APNG and GIF as explicitly not static, and add AVIF and WebP
to defaults.
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IL packet is a relic from pre-IPID days when moderators used it to get
the "IP list" of connected users.
Its function is to display a list of strings in the OOC chat box. That's
it. Not even some obscure feature that can be revived. Everything IL can
do, CT can do (the "OOC message" packet).
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Strange idea, no realization. Trying to set up a "username requirement"
is antithetical to AO's pseudonymous nature. At least, CT packet is not
the way to do this: nothing guarantees its uniqueness, it's prone to
spoofing if we can send arbitrary CT messages at some point during the
handshake, and not everyone has their OOC names preconfigured.
It was never meant to be. Delete it.
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No question.
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We have SP and JD to precisely handle positions and judge buttons.
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- For QCheckBox: stateChanged -> checkStateChanged
- QChar(PREANIM) -> QLatin1Char(PREANIM)
- Unused result on demo_file.open()
- QPointer include was missing from lobby.h
- Missing const and override qualifiers
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Instead of waiting for the incoming message and checking that you've
sent it by comparing character IDs, reset it right away after pressing
Enter.
From the network standpoint, there's no reason to wait and acknowledge
the IC message this way because TCP already ensures reliabile delivery.
Removing this avoids sending duplicate messages during lag spikes. It
also subjectively improves responsiveness.
We lose a bit of convenience. The text box will be cleared even if your
message was never broadcast (due to serverside mute, for example), but
Ctrl+Z fixes that, and that's how OOC chat has always worked.
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Server already gives the response to our authentication atttempt,
there's no need for CLIENT to tell us about the "Disable Modcalls"
button (which is actually labeled "Guard").
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This fixes "Reload theme" button resetting position.
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The "select character" packet, CC, only needs one field: the character
ID you're selecting. It uses two more: a client ID and an HDID. To
select a character, you have to send your HDID every single time. This
is ridiculous, you alredy send it to the server when you join.
Remove it. I hoped to use empty strings in both unused fields to fully
erase them without breaking the packet structure, but some servers
*require* both to be present, so hardcode "0" instead.
CC doesn't need anything beyond CID. Client ID _might_ be used for
some spoofing protection, but even then it sounds far-fetched.
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This obscure feature has been present for years, from sending passwords
to the server to showing `char_passworded` image over character icons.
Servers could already exploit clients sending `PW` with a password every
time they select a character to implement passworded characters. The
clients had no way of knowing which ones were passworded, however, and
couldn't filter them despite "Passworded" checkbox being here all along.
The approach used by this commit is a hack. During loading, server sends
SC which is a list of characters, each one having name, description, and
evidence. In practice, only names were used. Descriptions were stored in
memory but unused, and evidence was ignored altogether. By adding a
magic value "P" in this "character evidence" field, server can mark
passworded characters without breaking Vanilla compatibility.
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Presenting evidence took volume as a parameter which it also set. It's
unnecessary as the evidence uses the same SFX player, the volume of
which is controlled by the player with a slider.
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Additionally, fix the path construction for music tracks that are
requested via asset URI.
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SFX and blip players largely remain the same.
For the music player, we now have to implement network streaming
natively, we no longer have a convenient function that did everything
for us. I introduced QNetworkRequest to download the stream in memory
and signal when it's ready to be decoded and played back. The size is
guarded to prevent the client from accidentally downloading terabytes of
audio.
Delete QFutureWatcher, we no longer need it for concurrency. miniaudio
uses a separate audio thread. Network donwloads and communication with
the track name display are handled by Qt signals.
Also, delete an odd "music.txt" feature. Its purpose was specifying
offsets for loops in a text file per track, but it remained obscure and
unused in practice.
Unsupported:
- Large streams, including unbounded ones (radio). We'll need a ring
buffer for that, and a mechanism to write to it from the network and
feed it to the audio thread.
- Effect flags: fade in, fade out, sync pos. Ignored.
- Audio device selection.
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* float scaling
* float scaling factor
* aooptions float
* doublespinbox
* header file double
* double it up
* clamp to 0.1
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* add ssl scheme
* use protocol
* set port
* remove last legacy entry
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* Close punishment dialog when the user leaves
Prevents silly moments where the wrong person gets banned/kicked
* Fix formatting
---------
Co-authored-by: stonedDiscord <Tukz@gmx.de>
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- fix RD being recorded twice
- fix demos recording themselves
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* remember category expansion state when regenerating musiclist
* don't do file i/o here actually
---------
Co-authored-by: stonedDiscord <Tukz@gmx.de>
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implementation (#1080)
* Move showname switch to settings and fix it
* let the append function handle shownames
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* Reworked legacy position population
- Changed data structure to a static list of pairs to avoid unnecessary deep copies
- Fixed oversight which caused iteration over the value and not the key of the previous QMap
* clang-format pass :rolling_eyes:
* disambiguate pair order further
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